ARM THE DOLLS

How to buy a firearm in California — one-page step-by-step

Quick summary: get an FSC, pick a gun at a licensed dealer, complete DROS/background check + safe-handling demo, wait 10 days, pick up the gun. Below is a short, practical checklist and the exact steps with the most important rules and fees called out.

Checklist to bring to the dealer

  • Valid, unexpired California driver’s license or CA ID. (California DOJ)
  • Additional proof of residency if your current address is not on your CA DL/ID (examples: utility bill within 3 months, vehicle registration, residential lease, property deed, or other gov’t document listed by DOJ). (California DOJ)
  • Firearm Safety Certificate (FSC) card (or qualifying exemption). Fee to take the FSC test is $25. (California DOJ)
  • Payment method for firearm price + DROS fees + taxes (see below).
  • If buying a handgun: be prepared to perform the safe handling demonstration supervised by a DOJ-certified instructor before delivery. (California DOJ)

Step-by-step

  1. Study & take the Firearm Safety Certificate (FSC) test.
    • The official study guide and test are from the California DOJ / Attorney General. You must score at least 75% (23/30) to pass; the FSC is valid 5 years. Test fee is $25 (includes up to two attempts with the same instructor). (California DOJ)
  2. Choose a licensed firearms dealer and the firearm you want.
    All transfers/sales must go through a licensed dealer in California. The dealer will prepare the DROS (Dealer’s Record of Sale) and collect paperwork/fees. (California DOJ)
  3. At the dealer: ID + proof of residency + FSC; complete federal Form 4473 and DROS.
    The dealer will check your ID, verify residency documents if needed, and enter the DROS into the DOJ system. Bring the actual ID and originals of proof documents. (California DOJ)
  4. Background check & 10-day waiting period.
    After the dealer submits the DROS and DOJ issues a DROS number, there is a 10-day waiting period (ten consecutive 24-hour periods) before the dealer may transfer the firearm to you. If the sale is cancelled or not picked up within dealer time limits, a new DROS may be required. (California DOJ)
  5. Safe handling demonstration (before delivery).
    For most firearm transfers (handguns and many long guns) the purchaser must perform a statutorily mandated safe-handling demo under a DOJ-certified instructor; the dealer will complete the Safe Handling Demonstration Affidavit. (California DOJ)
  6. Pay fees & taxes when you buy.
    Expect dealer fees and DROS fees (varies by dealer). California imposes an 11% excise tax on firearms, firearm parts, and ammunition (effective July 1, 2024) in addition to applicable sales/use tax; dealers will collect applicable taxes and fees at sale. (There are some exemptions; ask the dealer or CDTFA if you think one applies.) (CDTFA)
  7. Pick up the firearm after waiting period & paperwork complete.
    After the 10-day wait and completing the safe-handling demo and payment, return to the dealer to pick up the firearm. If you don’t pick it up within the dealer’s allowable time (often 30 days from DROS submission), the sale may be cancelled and you’ll need a new DROS. (California DOJ)
  8. Know exceptions & exemptions.
    Certain people (e.g., active duty military stationed in CA, honorably retired military, some peace officers, and others) may be exempt from the FSC or safe-handling demo — documentation is required and must be retained with the DROS. Confirm any claimed exemption with the dealer/DOJ. (Justia Law)

Quick tips

  • Read the official FSC study guide once; answer practice questions while taking the “most restrictive/safest” choice when unsure — that’s a good strategy for the test. (California DOJ)
  • Ask the dealer for a complete list of accepted proof of residency documents before you go so you don’t get turned away. (California DOJ)
  • Prices/fees (dealer fees, DROS handling) vary by dealer — call ahead for a total estimate including the 11% excise tax. (CDTFA)
  • Laws and fees can change. This summary is based on current DOJ/CDTFA guidance; confirm any critical detail with the dealer or the CA DOJ / CDTFA websites before you purchase. (California DOJ)